OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - This category emphasizes the importance of enforcing policies that prevent users from acting beyond their intended permissions. Failures in access control typically result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside a user’s authorized limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfiguration occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures refer to breakdowns or compromises in the process of building, distributing, or updating software. They are often driven by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Historical challenges such as CPU performance and private key/certificate management are now mitigated by CPUs with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and by simplified private key and certificate management services like LetsEncrypt.org, with major cloud vendors offering even more integrated certificate management for their specific platforms. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to determine which data requires encryption at rest and which data needs additional encryption in transit (at the application layer, OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require enhanced protection, particularly when such data is subject to privacy laws like the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw that enables an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields, tricking the system into executing these as if they were legitimate part of the system. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category representing various weaknesses, described as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is not the root cause of all other Top Ten risk categories. Note the distinction between insecure design and insecure implementation; we differentiate between design flaws and implementation defects for a reason, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be remedied by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never established to defend against specific attacks. One contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system being developed, leading to a failure to determine the appropriate level of security design required.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability is present when an attacker can trick a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - Software and data integrity failures involve code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. An example is an application relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, and content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD pipeline that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted sources and/or fails to verify them before use (e.g., by checking signatures or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetectable, and without alerting, it is extremely difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting mechanisms hinder the ability to initiate active responses at any time.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions in software occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and sometimes vulnerabilities. This may involve one or more of the following failings: the application does not prevent an unusual situation from occurring, it fails to identify the situation as it happens, and/or it responds poorly or not at all to the situation afterward.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls.
- Secure access control strategies and best practices.

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations.
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including the use of configuration management and automation tools.

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management.
- The importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security.

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection.
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping.

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation.
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles.

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues.
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling.

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering.
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks.

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities.
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early.