OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control enforces policies ensuring users cannot act outside their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized information disclosure, modification or destruction of data, or performing business functions beyond the user's limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is configured incorrectly from a security standpoint, thereby creating vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These are breakdowns or compromises in the process of building, distributing, or updating software. They are often caused by vulnerabilities or malicious changes in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies that the system relies on.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Issues such as CPU performance and private key/certificate management are now addressed by CPUs with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and by services like LetsEncrypt.org, which simplify private key and certificate management. Major cloud vendors also provide tightly integrated certificate management services for their platforms. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to determine what data requires encryption at rest and what needs extra encryption in transit (at the application layer, OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require enhanced protection, especially if such data falls under privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw allowing an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design represents a broad category of weaknesses described as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is not the source of all other Top Ten risk categories. Note the distinction between insecure design and insecure implementation. We differentiate between design flaws and implementation defects because they have different root causes, occur at different stages in the development process, and require different remediations. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects leading to exploitable vulnerabilities. However, an insecure design cannot be fixed by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never created to defend against specific attacks. One factor contributing to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling in the software or system being developed, leading to a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These relate to code and infrastructure that fail to protect against invalid or untrusted code/data being treated as trusted and valid. An example is an application relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce potential unauthorized access, insecure/malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them before use (e.g., by checking signatures).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected. Without alerting, it is very difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting occurs anytime active responses cannot be initiated.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This happens when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and sometimes vulnerabilities. This can involve one or more of the following failures: the application doesn’t prevent an unusual situation from happening, doesn’t identify the situation as it occurs, and/or responds poorly or not at all afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early