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Course Outline

Relational database models

  • Understanding the structure of a relational database
  • Using relational operators

Data retrieval fundamentals

  • Best practices for writing SQL queries
  • Syntax for the SELECT statement
  • Retrieving all columns
  • Performing arithmetic operations in queries
  • Assigning aliases to columns
  • Using literals
  • String concatenation

Filtering and restricting results

  • Applying the WHERE clause
  • Using comparison operators
  • The LIKE condition for pattern matching
  • The BETWEEN ... AND condition
  • The IS NULL condition
  • The IN condition
  • Combining conditions with logical operators
  • Handling multiple conditions within the WHERE clause
  • Operator precedence and order
  • Eliminating duplicates with the DISTINCT clause

Data sorting

  • Implementing the ORDER BY clause
  • Sorting by multiple columns or expressions

SQL Functions

  • Distinguishing between single-row and multi-row functions
  • Utilizing text, numeric, and date functions
  • Data type conversion functions
  • Nesting functions for complex calculations
  • Managing NULL values effectively

Data aggregation via grouping functions

  • Overview of grouping functions
  • How grouping functions handle NULL values
  • Forming data groups with the GROUP BY clause
  • Grouping by multiple columns
  • Filtering aggregated results with the HAVING clause

Retrieving data from multiple tables

  • Different types of joins
  • Using table aliases
  • Defining joins in the WHERE clause
  • Performing INNER JOINs
  • Executing LEFT and RIGHT OUTER JOINs
  • Understanding the Cartesian product

Subqueries

  • Embedding subqueries in the SELECT command
  • Working with scalar (single-value) and row (multi-row) subqueries
  • Using operators with scalar subqueries
  • Using IN, ALL, and ANY with multi-row subqueries

Set operators

  • Combining results with the UNION operator
  • Finding common rows with the INTERSECT operator
  • Identifying differences with the EXCEPT operator

Data modification: Insert, update, and delete

  • The INSERT command
  • The UPDATE command
  • The DELETE command

Transactions

Requirements

  • General computer literacy
  • Familiarity with any operating system
 14 Hours

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